Nucleus
contains genome; site of DNA and RNA synthesis
Cytoplasm
- Cytosol ~50% of cell volume
- Protein synthesis and degradation
- Small molecule degradation
- Synthesis of building blocks
[Endoplasmic Reticulum]
- Rough ER : Ribosome‐bound; synthesizes membrane & secretory proteins.
- Smooth ER : Lipid synthesis, Ca²⁺ storage
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and dispatches proteins and lipids from ER
Mitochondria
ATP synthesis
Chloroplasts
ATP synthesis; chloroplast also store food/pigment
Lysosome
Digestion of defunct intracellular organelles, macromolecules, and particles
Endosome
Sorting compartments for endocytosed material
Peroxisome
oxidative reactions
